Symptoms

Head and neck cancer can manifest in various ways, depending on the specific area affected. Early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Common signs and symptoms include:

• Persistent Sore Throat: A sore throat that does not improve with usual treatments.
• Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): Pain or difficulty when swallowing, which may feel like food is stuck.
• Changes in Voice: Hoarseness or changes in the voice lasting more than two weeks.
• Lumps or Masses: Noticeable lumps in the neck, mouth, or throat, potentially swollen lymph nodes.
• Oral Changes: Non-healing sores, white or red patches on gums or tongue.
• Ear Pain: Persistent pain in one ear without an apparent infection.
• Nasal Symptoms: Frequent nasal congestion, possibly with bleeding or foul smell.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant weight loss without trying, often due to difficulty eating.
• Facial Pain or Numbness: Pain or numbness in the face, especially around the mouth or jaw.
• Changes in Appetite: Loss of appetite or taste changes leading to weight loss.

Common Treatment Modalities

• Surgery
• Radiation Therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Targeted Therapy
• Immunotherapy

Multidisciplinary Care Approach

Treatment for head and neck cancer often involves a team of specialists, including:

• Oncologists: Cancer treatment specialists.
• Surgeons: Specialists in head and neck surgery.
• Radiation Oncologists: Experts in delivering radiation therapy.
• Speech and Language Therapists: Help regain speech and swallowing functions post-treatment.
• Nutritionists: Provide dietary support during treatment.

Supportive Care and Rehabilitation

Supportive care plays a vital role in enhancing quality of life for patients:

• Palliative Care: Relieves symptoms and improves quality of life during treatment.
• Rehabilitation Services: Speech therapy, physical therapy, and occupational therapy help recover functionality post-treatment.